Below are some important vocabulary words mentioned in the video:
- endocrine system: a system of communication and regulation through chemical signaling by hormones based on negative feedback loops
- endocrine signals (hormones): long-distance chemical signals secreted by endocrine cells or glands into extracellular fluids
- secreting cell: the cell that is releasing the hormone or local regulator
- target cell: the cell that is meant to receive the chemical signal
- local regulators: short-distance chemical signals that reach target cells by diffusion
- growth factors: local regulators that stimulate cell growth and differentiation
- paracrine signals: act on neighboring cells
- autocrine signals: act on secreting cell
- neurotransmitters: chemical signals that diffuse across synapses to target neurons, muscle cells, or glands
- neurohormones: chemical signals that diffuse from nerve endings into the bloodstream
- pheromones: chemical signals that are released into the environment for communication between species
- endocrine glands: groups of endocrine cells that secrete hormones directly into extracellular fluids
- hypothalamus: receives information from nerves and starts endocrine signaling to the pituitary gland to match the stimulus
- pituitary gland: receives signals from the hypothalamus and commands other endocrine cells based on signals from the hypothalamus
- posterior pituitary: secretes neurohormones that are made in the hypothalamus
- anterior pituitary: makes and secretes its own tropic hormones
- tropic hormones: hormones that regulate other endocrine cells
- thyroid: a hormone that maintains normal blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tone, and digestive and reproductive function
- thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH): secreted by the hypothalamus in response to a change in temperature; tells the anterior pituitary gland to start making TSHthyroid-stimulating hormone: secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; stimulates production of thyroid by the thyroid gland
- thyroid gland: secretes thyroid based on signals from the anterior pituitary; inhibits production of TSH and TRH