Below is some important vocabulary used in the video:
- antigens: large foreign molecules secreted by or stuck to pathogens; recognized by T and B cells
- epitope: the area of the antigen to which T and B cell receptors bind
- antigen receptor: proteins on T and B cells that are able to bind with antigens
- antigen-presenting cell: a B cell or white blood cell that has encountered a pathogen and is now showing pieces of the pathogen on its surface in the form of antigens
- cell-mediated immune response: special cytotoxic T cells destroy infected host cells
- humoral response: B cells secrete antibodies that mark pathogens for destruction
- antibodies: proteins shaped like B cell antigen receptors that bind to infected antigen-presenting host cells and mark them for destruction
- plasma cells: effector B cells that secrete antibodies
- neutralization: antibodies bind to pathogens to prevent them from infecting host cells
- opsonization: antibodies bound to antigens on bacteria present a structure recognized by white blood cells
- complement system: small preset group of proteins that recognize structures unique to microbes
- effector cells: short-lived clones of B and T cells that are created when these cells are activated by helper T cells
- memory cells: clones of B and T cells formed in the same way as effector cells that act when a pathogen is encountered again